Frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina: A review

Abstract Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina , is an economically important disease of soybean in many parts the world where grown, including United States and Argentina. Yield losses FLS epidemics are mainly due to reduced photosynthetic area, premature defoliation seed weight. Epidemics may be initiated from inoculum produced on infected plant residue pathogen can overwinter for up two years. Many questions relating population biology, genetic variability pathotype structure remain unanswered. Race designations C. under debate since use 12 differentials has inconsistent numbers races separate studies. Although a sexual stage not been observed either field or laboratory conditions, equal proportion mating-type loci high genotypic diversity suggest that populations most likely undergoing cryptic reproduction. Management practices this include cultivars with partial complete resistance ( Rcs genes), cultural (crop rotation tillage) foliar fungicide applications. However, quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides (caused G143A mutation Cytochrome b gene) reported 2010, resistant have become widespread across more than 20 soybean-producing states U.S. This review provides detailed information taxonomy, identification pathogen. It also summarizes epidemiological aspects strategies combat increasing threat crops worldwide.